在被动语态中,be动词后面的动词形式主要取决于时态和语态,具体规则如下:
一、基本结构
被动语态的基本结构为:
be动词 + 过去分词
表示主语是动作的承受者。例如:
The book is readby him.(书被他读)
二、特殊形式
带情态动词的被动语态 形式为:
情态动词 + be + 过去分词
例如:
- The problem is solvedby the team.(问题被团队解决)
不同时态的被动语态
- 一般现在时: am/is/are + 过去分词 例如: - The cake is baked
- 一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词
例如:
- The meeting was attendedby all participants.(所有参会者都参加了会议)
- 一般将来时:will + be + 过去分词
例如:
- The project will be completedby next month.(项目将于下月完成)
- 现在进行时:am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例如:
- The experiment is being conductedright now.(实验正在进行中)
- 过去进行时:was/were + being + 过去分词
例如:
- The movie was being watchedwhen the power went out.(停电时电影正在播放)
- 现在完成时:have/has + been + 过去分词
例如:
- The letter has been received.(信已收到)
- 过去完成时:had + been + 过去分词
例如:
- By the time the meeting started, the report had been finished.(会议开始时报告已完成)
三、注意事项
动词ing形式仅用于现在分词(如现在进行时),不用于被动语态;
过去分词用于表示被动和完成状态,例如:
The homework has been done(完成时态)
The window was broken(被动语态);
被动语态中be动词的选择需根据主语的人称、数和时态确定,例如:
单数现在时:The cake is baked
复数过去时:The papers were signed。
通过以上规则,可以灵活运用被动语态表达动作的承受关系。